Newspaper-vending machine.



W. H. FUERST. NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1910.

Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

SHEETS- H ET ale/1;?

A llama/4 WITNESSES /wmr 4%0/ 1045' H. PUERST. NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINE.

. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 191 0. 1,00 1 30, Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

COLUMBIA PLANOORAPH CO.,WASHINOTON, D. c.

W. H. FUERST. NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINE. APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1910.

1,008, 1 30. I Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

5 $HEETSSHEET 3.

COLUMBIA PLANOURAPH C(L, WASHINGTO D. C.

W. H. PUERST.

NEWSPAPER VENDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1910.

Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

5 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

l v i lineoom COLUMBIA PLANGGRAPH KID-.WASHINGTON. D c.

W. H. PUERST.

NEWSPAPER'VENDING MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT. 29, 1910.

Patented Nov. 7, 1911.

5 SHEETSSHEBT 6.

qxhimeaoao fitter/wags COLUMBIA PLANOGRAPH CO., WASHINGTON, n, c.

UNITED STATES PATENT orrion.

WILLIAM H. FUERST, 0F KEWANEE, ILLINOIS.

NEWSPAPER-VENDING MACHINE.

I '0 all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, IVILLIAM H. FUERST, a citizen of the United States, residing at Kewanee, in the county of Henry and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in NewspaperVending Machines; and I do declarethe following to be a full, clear, and exact description of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains to make and use the same.

This invention relates to improvements in newspaper vending machines, and it consists of certain novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as will be more fully described and particularly pointed out in the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings: Figure 1 is a perspective view of my improved vend ing machine; Fig. 2 is a side view of one side of the same with the door open and showing the parts in an inoperative position; Fig. 3 is a similar viewof a portion of the parts illustrated in Fig. 2 showing the same in operative position; Fig. 4 is a side View of the opposite side of the machine with the door open showing the parts in an inoperative position; Fig. 5 is a similar View of a portion of the parts illustrated in Fig. 4 showing the same in operative position; Fig. 6 is a central longitudinal vertical section of the machine showing the sold out sign in inoperative position in full lines and in operative position in dotted lines; Fig. 7 is a detail perspective View of the operating lever and the ejector operating pawl carried thereby; Fig. 8 is a similar view of the operating finger for the pawl shown in Fig. 7 Fig. 9 is a similar view of the ejecting lever for one side of the machine; Fig. 10 is a similar view of the ejecting lever for the other side of the machine; Fig. 11 is a perspective view of the pawl for locking the lever shown in Fig. 10; Fig. 12 is a similar view of the pawl releasing finger for the locking pawl shown in Fig. 11; Fig. 13 is a perspective View of one of the coin projecting plungers; Fig. 14 is a perspective view of one of the paper ejecting rods. Fig. 15 is a detail perspective view of one of the pairs of guide bars for the newspaper ejecting rods and one of the guide brackets of the ejecting bars. Fig. 16 is a similar view of the locking bolt for the sold out sign.

In the illustrated embodiment of the invention, I provide a suitable casing 1, which Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed September 29, 1910.

Patented Nov. '7, 1911.

Serial No. 584,544.

as here shown is preferably of rectangular form and which has formed in its opposite sides openings closed by doors 2, saiddoors being provided with suitable means whereby the same may be fastened and locked inclosed position. The openings in the sides are provided to permit ready access to the operating parts of the machine. In the top of the machine is also formed an opening through which the papers to be vended are placed, said top opening being closed bya door or cover 3 which is securely fastened in closed position by pairs of locking bars 4 having notched outer ends which are adapted to engage notched lugs 5 projecting upwardly from the top of the casing through slots formed in a reinforcing bar 6 secured thereto. 4 are slotted and are adapted to overlap when in operative position and to engage an slots formed in a reinforcing bar 6 secured parts being secured in this overlapped engagement as shown in Fig. l, by a padlock or other suitable fastening device.

The upper front portion of the casing projects outwardly to a slight extent to form a mouth and in the upper port-ion of the projection is formed a delivery opening or passage 8 through which the papers are projected. The front of said projecting portion of the casing, as well as the overlapping edge of the cover, is preferably notched out to form a hand opening 9 by means of which the projected papers may be readily grasped by the purchaser and drawn from the machine after being brought into position by the ejecting mechanism. On the under side of the cover are secured leaf springs 10 which are adapted to yieldingly hold the papers in position to permit the uppermost paper to be ejected by the operating mechanism as will be hereinafter described.

Arranged in the casing 1 is a supporting frame comprising pairs of vertically disposed bars 11 which are arranged in parallel relation adjacent the opposite sides of the machine and are rigidly secured at their opposite ends to the top and bottom of the casing. To the guide bars 11, near the bottom of the casing, are secured horizontal longitudinally disposed supporting bars 12 to the forward ends of which and to the top of the casing are secured pairs of guide bars 13 and 14 by means of which the paper holding rods hereinafter described are held in position and guided in their upward move- The inner ends of the locking bars ment. The guide bars 13 have formed on their outer edges stop flanges 15 which hold the ends of the paper holding rods in alinement.

Slidably mounted in the casing between the pairs of guide bars 11 is a paper supporting and lifting plate 16 having on its opposite ends downwardly projecting flanges on which are arranged centrally disposed guide lugs 17 which are adapted to engage and slide between the guide bars 11 arranged in the opposite sides of the machine. The supporting and lifting plate 16 is held in position and moved upwardly to successively bring the papers in position for delivery by a suitable elevating mechanism comprising winding drums 18 and 19 which are arranged in opposite sides of the machine and are mounted on the opposite ends of a shaft 20 journaled in the rear ends of the supporting bars 12. On the drums 1S and 19 are wound platform raising cords 21 which pass upwardly and around guide pulleys 22 and are connected at their outer ends with the opposite ends of the plate 16. On the drum 18 is arranged a ratchet gear 23 which is engaged by a drum operating pawl 2 1 which is carried and operated by the ejecting mechanism hereinafter described whereby on each operation of said mechanism and the delivery of the paper, the drum will be turned to the distance of one tooth thereby winding the cords 21 and lifting the plate a sufficient distance to bring the next paper in position for delivery. The shaft 20 and the drums are held against retrograde movement by a spring projected stop pawl 25 which is mounted on a suitable bracket secured in the bottom of the machine as shown. The pawl 24: is also held in yielding engagement with the ratchet gear 23 by a suitable sprin 26 secured to a portion of the frame as shown. One end of the shaft 20 is squared to receive a wrench or handle whereby the drums may be turned to wind the cord and thus bring the plate and the papers thereon in proper position for vending the latter.

In placing the papers in the machine they are folded to the proper size and with the inner fold of each of the papers is engaged a wire ejecting rod 27, said rods being preferably bent between their ends to form loops which prevent the rods being gripped when the papers are drawn from the machine. The ends of the rods project beyond the ends of the folded papers and enter the passage formed between the guide bars 13 and 14 in the opposite sides of the frame, the projecting ends of the uppermost rod being engaged by the forward end of ejectors 28 whereby said rods are operated. The uppermost rod together with the paper with which the same is engaged is carried by said ejector-s forwardly over guide arms 29 arranged at the upper ends of the guide bars 13 and into the projecting portion of the casing thus bringing the folded edge of the paper into position to be grasped through the opening 9 and drawn from the machine. As the paper is drawn from the machine the ends of the rods 27 will be drawn beyond the ends of the guide arms 29 and, just before the paper is drawn entirely from the machine, will drop from between the folds of the paper into the bottom of the casing.

The ejectors 28 are slidably supported at their outer ends in guide brackets 30 on the outer sides of the guide bars 1 1 and at their inner ends are pivotally connected to the upper ends of ejecting levers 31 and 32 the lower ends of which are fixedly mounted on the outer ends of a shaft 33 journaled in the horizontal supporting bars 12 of the frame. The upper ends of the ejecting levers are slidably engaged with slotted guide plates 3% on the inner ends of which are arranged rubber bumpers 35 to receive the impact of the levers when drawn back to their inoperative positions by coiled re tracting springs 36 which, are connected to said levers and to suitable projections arranged on the frame of the machine.

The ejecting lever 31 is pivotally mounted in the right hand end of the casing adjacent the side of the supporting frame and on said lever, near its lower end, is arranged a detent or lever operating lug 37 adapted to be engaged by a tooth 38 on the lower edge of the pawl 39 which is pivotally mounted on an operating lever 40 arranged adjacent the ejecting lever 31 and pivotally mounted at its lower end on the shaft 33. The upper end of the lever 10 projects through a slot 41 formed in the top of the casing and is equipped with a handle 42 whereby the same is operated. The pawl 39 is provided with a rearwardly extending releasing arm 43 and a forwardly projecting end 14 which may be depressed to cause the tooth 38 of the pawl to engage the detent 37 of the ejecting lever thereby operatively connecting these parts so that when the operating lever 40 is pulled forwardly the ejecting levers will also be swung forwardly to feed a paper to the discharge opening in the manner described. It will thus be seen that unless the pawl 39 is depressed to bring the tooth 38 into engagement with the detent 37 on ejecting lever 31 the shaft 33 will not be actuated by the movement of the operating lever 10.

In order to depress the pawl 39 I provide a pawl operating finger a5 which is pivotally mounted on a portion of the adjacent side frame and has a right angularly formed end 46 which is adapted to be brought into engagement with the forward end of the pawl 39 to depress the same. The free end of the finger 415 projects immediately below the discharge end of a coin chute 47 and is slidably engaged by the bifurcated lower end 48 of a coin ejecting plunger 49 which is slidably mounted in a guide bracket 50 secured to the frame of the machine. The upper end of the plunger 49 projects through the top of the casing and is provided with a head 51 by means of which it may be clepressed against the tension of a coiled retracting spring 52 which is arranged thereon between the upper end of the bracket 50 and a suitable stop arranged on the plunger as shown. The bifurcated lower end 48 of the plunger is disposed in line with the lower end of the coin chute 47 so that a coin in passing out of the chute will roll onto the finger 45 and into the bifurcated lower end of the plunger and will thereby act as a medium through which the finger 45 may be depressed by the plunger. WVhen the finger 45 is thus depressed the angularly bent outer end thereof will engage the adjacent end of the pawl 39 and thereby depress the latter and cause the tooth 38 thereon to engage the detent 37 whereupon the ejecting lever and the operating lever will be locked together to permit the operation of the ejecting mechanism. By thus constructing and arranging the parts it will be readily seen that until a coin of the required size has been deposited and rolls down into engagement with the bifurcated lower end of the plunger and the pawl operating finger said finger cannot be operated by the plunger.

When the operating lever and the ejecting mechanism are swung forwardly to an operative position, the releasing arm 43 of the pawl 39 will be-brought into engagement with a releasing pin or stud 53 which projects laterally from one of the guide bars 11 of the supporting frame, as shown in Fig. 3, whereby the pawl will be rocked to release the tooth 38 from the detent 37, the operating finger 45 rising to its normal or operative position wherein it is in readiness to again receive a coin. To the lever 31 is connected the pawl 24 which operates the winding drums for raising the paper sup porting plate at each operation of the ejecting mechanism as hereinbefore described.

The ejecting lever 32 on the left hand side of the machine is very similar to the lever 31 and has pivotally connected to its upper end the left hand ejector 28 which engages the corresponding end of the ejecting rod 27. The ejecting lever 32 has ar ranged thereon, near its lower end, a locking lug or detent 54 which is adapted to be engaged by a locking pawl 55 pivotally secured to one of the guide bars 11 on this side of the machine. lVhen the ejecting lever 32 is thus locked by the pawl 55 the ejecting mechanism cannot be operated until the pawl 55 is lifted by the coin controlled mechanism on this side of the machine which is now to be described.

The pawl 55 is provided on its free end with a right angularly projecting finger 56 which projects into the path of movement of a trip lug 57 formed on a pawl releasing finger 58 which is pivotally mounted in a suitable bracket secured to a portion of the frame as shown. The forward end of the finger 58 extends below and in line with the discharge end of the coin chute 59 arranged in this side of the machine. The finger 58 also projects through the bifurcated lower end 60 of the coin plunger 61 which is slidably mounted in a supporting bracket 62 and has its upper end projecting through the top of the casing and provided with an operating head 63. The plunger 61 is normally held in an elevated or retracted position by a coiled retracting spring 64 which is arranged thereon between the upper end of the bracket 62 and a suitable stop arranged on the plunger as shown.

By thus constructing and arranging the pawl releasing mechanism it will be seen that when a coin of the proper size is dropped into the chute and is discharged therefrom onto the forward end of the pawl releasing finger 58 and into the bifurcated lower end of the plunger said coin will act as a medium by which when the plunger is depressed the releasing finger will be rocked thus causing the trip lug 57 to lift the finger 56 and thereby disengage the latter from the detent 54 whereupon the ejecting mechanism may be actuated by the operating lever. On the lower portion of the ejecting lever 32 is arranged a forwardly projecting finger engaging plate 65 having an inclined upper edge which when the lever 32 is swung forwardly will engage the rightangularly bent forward end of the pawl releasing finger 58 thereby raising this end of the finger to its normal or operative position in readiness to receive another coin. lVhen the forward end of the releasing finger 58 has thus been raised the trip lug 57 on the rear end thereof will be swung downwardly to permit the locking pawl 55 to drop by gravity into engagement with the detent 54 when ejecting lever 32 is retracted after the paper has been ejected said lever being retracted by a coiled retracting spring 66 which is secured thereto and to the rear portion of the frame as shown.

It will be understood that the locking mechanism of the ejecting lever 32 and its coin controlled releasing mechanism is only employed when two cents or coins of other value are required for the purchase of the papers. lVhen the papers are sold for one cent or for a value represented by one coin the locking pawl 55 is thrown back to inoperative position and the coin controlled operating mechanism on the right hand side of the machine only is employed for operating the ejecting mechanism. In order to change the coin controlled operatil'ig and releasing mechanism of the machine for the accommodation of coins of different denominations it is simply necessary to change the size and structure of the coin chutes and bifurcated lower ends of the plunger levers. Thus it will be seen that the machine may be quickly and easily changed to vend papers at any desired price.

The coins, after being employed for operating the parts with which they are engaged fall, or are conducted into suitable receptacles 67 arranged in the casing in suitable position to receive the same.

its hereinbefore described the paper lifting and supporting plate is moved upwardly at each operation of the ejecting mechanism to bring another paper into position to be ejected and when said plate has been thus lifted to a position whereby the last paper is ejected said plate will be brought into engagement with the releasing mechanism of a sold out sign (38 which is hingedly secured on the upper side of the cover and is provided with suitable springs 69 whereby when released the sign will be swung upwardly to an operative position to indicate that all of the papers have been sold, thus preventing the depositii'ig of coins for which no papers can be delivered. The releasing mechanism for the sign comprises a trigger 70 which is pivotally mounted on a bracket 71 secured to the under side of the cover. The lower end of the trigger 70 is beveled and projects downwardly in the path of a beveled projection or trip 70 on the paper lifting plate while the upper end of the trigger is reduced and engages an aperture in a locking bolt 72 which is slidably mounted in the bracket 71 as shown. The bolt 72 has a beveled forward end which is adapted to engage a notched sign retaining lug or keeper '73 which is arranged on the forward side of the plate containing the sign and is adapted to be projected through a slot in the cover when the sign plate is swung down to an inoperative position. The bolt 72 is provided with a reduced rear end which forms a shoulder and on said reduced end between the adjacent end of the bracket and said shoulder is arranged a coiled projecting spring 74 which projects the forward end of the bolt to an operative position beyond the adjacent end and in position to automatically engage the keeper 73 when the sign is lowered. The bolt 72 is provided with a stop pin 75 which is adapted to engage the end of the bracket 71 and thus limit the movement of the bolt. When the trip 70' is brought up into engagement with the trigger 70 the latter will be rocked on its pivot to withdraw the bolt from its keeper 73 and permit the springs 69 to throw the sign plate upwardly to the display position as shown in Fig. l of the drawings.

In the top of the casing, adjacent its op posite sides and forward ends, are formed coin slots '76 and 77 which communicate with the upper ends of the coin chutes t7 and 59 whereby coins of the desired denominations may be inserted or deposited into said chutes. In order to prevent the papers from being stolen or removed from the casing except through the operation of the coin con trolled ejecting mechanism I provide a baffle plate 78 which is arranged in rear of the delivery passage and is hingedly connected atits upper end to the under side of the top of the machine in position to permit the same to be swung upwardly and forwardly by the engagement therewith of the paper being ejected but which is prevented from being swung in the opposite direction by the engagement thereof with the papers and ejecting rods on the supporting and lifting plate 16.

From the foregoing description taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, the construction and operation of the invention will be readily understood with out requiring a more extended explanation.

Various changes in the form proportion and the minor details of construction may be resorted to without departing from the principle 0r sacrificing any of the advantages of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Having thus described my invention, What I claim is:

l. The combination of a casing having a delivery opening near its top, a newspaper supporting and lifting plate mounted in said casing, a series of ejecting rods err gaged in the folds of newspapers on said lifting plate, an ejecting mechanism comprising a revolubly mounted shaft, a pair of ecting levers fixedly mounted on said shaft and arranged in the opposite sides of the casing, ejector-s carried by the upper ends of said levers and arranged to engage the ends of the ejecting rods, an operating lever, and a connecting pawl carried by said lever and adapted to engage one of said ejecting levers.

Q. The combination of a casing having a delivery opening near its top, a newspaper supporting and lifting plate mounted in said casing, a series of ejecting rods engaged in the folds of newspapers on said lifting plate, an ejecting mechanism comprising a revolubly mounted shaft, a pair of ejecting levers fixedly mounted on said shaft and arranged in the opposite sides of the casing, ejectors carried by the upper ends of said levers and arranged to engage the ends of the ejecting rods, an operating lever, a connecting pawl carried by said lever and adapted to engage one of said ejecting levers, and means for releasing said pawl from the ejecting lever.

3. The combination of a casing having a delivery opening near its top, a newspaper supporting and lifting plate mounted in said casing, a series of ejecting rods e11- gaged in the folds of newspapers on said lifting plate, an ejecting mechanism comprising a revolubly mounted shaft, a pair of ejecting levers fixedly mounted on said shaft and arranged in the opposite sides of the casing, ejectors carried by said levers and arranged to engage the ends of the ejecting rods, an operating lever, a connecting pawl carried by said lever and adapted to engage one of said ejecting levers, means for releasing said pawl from the ejecting lever, means to return the levers to normal position, and means connected with the ejecting mechanism for raising the paper supporting plate step by step.

4:. The combination of a casing having a delivery passage formed therein, a newspaper supporting and lifting plate mounted in the casing, a series of ejecting rods engaged in the folds of newspapers on said lifting plate, an ejecting mechanism comprising a revolubly mounted shaft, a pair of conducting levers fixedly mounted on said shaft and arranged in the opposite sides of the casing, ejectors carried by the upper ends of said levers and adapted to engage the ends of the ejecting rods, means for raising the plate step by step to bring said rods successively into the path of the ejectors, an operating lever, a connecting pawl carried by said levers and adapted to engage one of the ejecting levers, means to release said pawl after the ejecting mechanism has been operated, and means to retract said ejecting mechanism to its normal position.

5. The combination of a casing having a delivery opening formed therein, a pair of ejecting levers arranged in the opposite sides of the casing, ejectors carried by the upper ends of said levers, an operating lever, a connecting pawl carried by said lever and adapted to engage one of said ejecting levers, a pawl operating finger, a spring retracted plunger adapted to depress said finger mto engagement with the end of said pawl, and means to disengage said pawl from said ejecting lever after each operation of the ejecting mechanism.

6. The combination of a casing having a delivery opening, a supporting frame arranged within said casing, a newspaper supporting and lifting plate slidably mounted in said frame, a plate lifting mechanism, an operating lever, a pawl carried by said lever and engaging said lifting mechanism, a pair of ejecting levers, ejectors carried by the upper ends of said levers, means for connecting the operating lever with one of the ejecting levers, locking mechanism carried by the other ejecting lever, and means for manually releasing said locking mechanism.

7. The combination of a casing having a delivery opening, a newspaper supporting and lifting plate slidably mounted in said casing, means for ejecting a newspaper from said plate through said opening, means operated by said ejecting means to lift said paper supporting plate step by step, a spring operated sold out sign arranged on said casing, a retaining bolt adapted to hold said sign in an inoperative position, a trigger engaged with said bolt and adapted to be engaged by said paper lifting plate when the last paper has been ejected from the casing whereby said bolt is disengaged from the sign to permit the same to swing upwardly to an operative position.

8. The combination of a casing having a discharge opening in one side, a vertically movable paper support mounted in the casing, ejector rods engaged in the folds of papers on said support, means for lifting said support step by step to bring the folded papers successively into alinement with the discharge opening, ejectors arranged to engage said ejector rods, and means to actuate the ejectors and thereby carry the papers into the display openings.

9. The combination of a casing having a discharge opening in one side, a vertically movable paper support mounted in the casing, ejector rods engaged in the folds of papers on said support, guides within the casing engaged by the ends of said rods, means for lifting said support step by step to bring the folded papers successively into alinement with the discharge opening, ejectors arranged to engage said ejector rods, and means for actuating said ejectors to carry the papers into the discharge opening.

10. The combination of a casing having a discharge opening in one side, a vertically movable paper support mounted in the casing, ejector rods engaged in the folds 'of papers on said support, guides within the casing engaged by the ends of said rods, guide arms projecting forwardly from the upper ends of said guides and spaced from the casing, means for lifting said support step by step to bring the folded papers successively into alinement with the discharge opening, ejectors arranged to engage said ejector rods, and means for actuating said ejectors to carry papers into the discharge opening and the ejector rods over the ends of the guide arms.

11. The combination of a casing having a discharge opening in one side, a vertically movable paper support mounted in the casing, ejector rods engaged in the folds of papers on said supports, said rods being bowed inwardly at theircenters, means for lifting said support step by step to bring the folded papers successively into alinement with the discharge opening, ejectors arranged to engage said ejector rods, and

i to

means for actuating said ejectors to carry the papers into the discharge opening.

12. The combination of a casing having a discharge opening in one side, guide frames secured in the casing and consisting of parallel vertical bars spaced apart, one of said bars having a flange projecting toward the other bar, a paper-supporting plate mounted between said guides, a series of ejector rods engaging the folds of papers in the supporting plate and having their ends playing in the space between the said guide bars, means for lifting the plate to bring the folded papers into alinenient with the discharge opening, and means to engage said ejector rods and eject a folded paper into the discharge opening.

13. The combination of a casing having a discharge opening in one side, spaced verti cal guide bars within the casing, guide arms projecting forwardly from the upper ends of said guide bars to the discharge opening, brackets on the upper ends of the guide bars on said forwardly projecting guide arms, a paper support mounted within the casing and movable vertically between the said guide bars, means for lifting the said plate step by step, ejectors playing through the brackets on the guide bars, and means for O)Gl1tlfl said e ectors whereb a )a )er I n b I will be delivered from the plate to the discharge opening.

14. The combination of a casing having a discharge opening therein, a paper supporting plate within the casing, means for lifting said plate step by step toward the dis charge opening, ejectors arranged to deliver a paper from said plate into the discharge opening, an ejector lever connected to one of said ejectors and having a detent on its side, an operating lever connected with the means for lifting the paper supporting plate, a pawl on said lever adapted to engage the detent on the ejecting lever, and means for throwing said pawl into and out of engagement with said detent.

15. The combination of a supporting frame, a rock shaft mounted therein, ejector levers fixed on said rock shaft, ejectors carried by said levers, an operating lever on the rock shaft, means for locking said lever to the adjacent ejector lever, a detent on the side of the opposite ejector lever having a forwardly projecting finger, a pawl mounted on the frame adjacent said lever and adapted to engage the detent thereon, said pawl having a forwardly projecting arm arranged in the path of the said finger, and a latch mounted in the frame and adapted to engage the said pawl to hold the same in engagement with said detent.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand in presence of two subscribing witnesses.

WILLIAM H. FUERST. Vitnesses A. H. BLAKE, CHAS. E. STURTZ.

Copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressing the Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C. 

